Can I match / associate scraped results with the respective keywords they came from?

There are two ways to do this.  The first is to scrape 1 keyword at a time and save off the results.

The second way is to untick the use multi threaded harvester and the use custom harvester (under settings) and then scrape.  You will be using the single threaded harvester.

The single threaded harvester will save all urls in the exact order they are scraped and then when it is done it will give you a count of the number of urls scraped for each keyword.  So you would then export the count and export all the urls that were harvested.

Then you can count down the number harvested for each keyword.

So say you harvest for

car
boat
truck

and you get these results

car -15
boat -30
truck - 400

You could export the scraped urls and then open them in excel and count down.  The first 15 results are from the word car, the next 30 results are from boat and the final 400 results are from the word truck.